Tunicates+&+Lancelets

L: Much like fish, contraction of muscles along sides of notochord produce side-side movements to allow the body to move forward and wiggle into the sand || Fish like larvae Adult ||
 * =**Phylum**= || Evan Eklund, Alexis Moran ||
 * **1 Examples** || **T:** Sea squirts, sea pork, tunicates
 * L**: Branchiostoma ||
 * **2 Habitats** || **T:** Marine coastal protected areas attached to projections
 * L:** Live in the sand at the bottom of the sea in coastal regions ||
 * **3 Mode of feeding, digestive, excretory** || **T:** Suspension feeders; filter plankton and bacteria from water through pharyngeal slits
 * L:** Suspension feeders, mucous net secreted across pharyngeal slits, which traps tiny food particles from the seawater, brought into mouth by ciliary pumping ||
 * **4 Internal Transport****(circulation & respiration)** || **T:** * Digestive tube running from mouth to anus
 * Communal vascular system
 * Pharyngeal slits
 * L:** Pharynx and gill slits serve as feeding structures, however can serve as respiratory structures. Most respiratory activity takes place along external body surfaces ||
 * **5 Symmetry & Support,**===Locomotion, body covering=== || **T:*** Consists of many colonies of zoo-ids
 * Cloaked with cellulose like carbohydrates
 * Disperse short range through larva and growth
 * Adults are immobile; attach to objects
 * **6 Fertilization &Reproduction****(sexual/ asexual)** || **T:*** Both sexual and asexual
 * Viviparous (live offspring)
 * Fertilization and larva growth occurs in a sac-like organ as an outgrowth of animal
 * Budding (asexual)
 * L:** Both females and males have multiple paired gonads. Eggs are fertilized externally ||
 * **7 Body Forms (life stage forms)** || **T:*** Starts as larva (contains all 4 characteristics of Chordates)
 * Undergoes metamorphosis within a few hours of attaching
 * Zoo-ids grow and die simotaniously (get reabsorbed into vascular system upon death)
 * Adults only have pharyngeal slits
 * L:** Egg
 * **8 Defense / senses/ response to environment** || **T:** Squirts water when attacked
 * L:** Buries in sand ||
 * **9 Nervous system** || **T:** Dorsal, __hollow__ nerve chord
 * L:** Contains notochord, dorsal, hollow nerve cord, gill slits and post anal tail ||
 * **10 Importance (how it fits in to** **the world)** || **T:** * Are the most stripped down version of vertebrates so can be used to study the origins of vertebrates
 * Can permanently become a member of an ecosystem
 * L:** Have helped in the understanding of morphology and evolution of chordates ||
 * **Misc.** || **T:** * Do not take over new environment (non invasive)
 * Zoo-ids do not form together with neighboring Tunicates Pharyngeal slits have become modified for gas exchange, jaw support, and water transport
 * L:** Developed circulatory system and simple excretory system ||