AMPHIBIA

External fertilization: females lay eggs and males spread sperm over to fertilize the eggs (most frogs, some primitive salamanders) Internal Fertilization: female takes up male spermatophore (most salamanders and caecilians) || Grow flat tails and begin feasting on vegetation Gills give way to lungs and they become meat eaters during metamorphosis || Camouflage - greys, greens, browns (countershading- different color on back and belly) Bright colors warn toxicity Warning postures and behaviors (snapping and lunging) || Ecological indicators due to sensitivity to environmental change Herbivorous to omnivours ||
 * =**Phylum**= || Ryan Walter and Ellie Wilson ||
 * **1 Examples** || Salamanders, Frogs, Toads, and Caecilians ||
 * **2 Habitats** || Forests, meadows, freshwater steams, rivers, lakes, ponds, bogs, swamps, marshes ||
 * **3 Mode of feeding, digestive, excretory** || Initially herbivores but later carnivores, digestive system with intestine and stomach ||
 * **4 Internal Transport****(circulation & respiration)** || Circulation: 3 chambered heart, Respiration: lungs, Excretory: kidney and intestine send waste through cloaca ||
 * **5 Symmetry & Support,**===Locomotion, body covering=== || Symmetry: Bilateral, Support: inner skeleton with a backbone, Locomotion: Swimming, jumping, burrowing, and climbing, Body covering: semi-permiable skin with 2 layers ||
 * **6 Fertilization &Reproduction****(sexual/ asexual)** || Sexual
 * **7 Body Forms (life stage forms)** || Hatch into larvae (tadpoles) and breath through external gills
 * **8 Defense / senses/ response to environment** || Many are nocturnal and use darkness as a protection against predators
 * **9 Nervous system** || Spinal chord, nerves, small cerebrum, complex vales for smelling (not nasal passages), olfactory lobes make up front of brain, ||
 * **10 Importance (how it fits into****the world)** || Secondary consumers
 * **Misc.** || Amphibia refers to "double life" or life on land and in water ||